Found in different regions across the country, the deserts of Pakistan are best-known for their unique features, which also differentiates them from each other. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. The desert was used for nuclear testing by the Pakistan military, making it the most famous of the five deserts. Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar Corrections? This desert was the site of Pakistans second nuclear test,Chagai-II, which was carried out on 30 May 1998. They anchor the drifting sand with a gridlike network of straw fences. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. Tropical storms from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas but are also variable in character. In other cases, the plains are covered with snow. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. They are home to around 1 billion peopleone-sixth of the Earths population.Although the word desert may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand, dunes cover only about 10 percent of the worlds deserts. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. It is geographically the largest of Pakistan's four provinces, at 347,190km2 or 134,051 square miles, and composes 48% of the total land area of Pakistan. The southern region is known as Makran. White reflects sunlight, and the loose fit allows cooling air to flow across the skin.These robes of loose cloth can be adjusted (folded) for length, sleeves, and pockets, depending on the wearer and the climate. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Here let's take a look at the physical map of India and the other primary physical geography of India. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. Growing up in the rayless basement of the Trapper Motel, Johan Garcia Casteln would keep busy by chucking mittens at a wall and diving to catch them, like a soccer Mohenjo-daro is now a part of the vast Thar and Cholistan deserts.Most of Earths deserts will continue to undergo periods of climate change.Desert CharacteristicsHumiditywater vapor in the airis near zero in most deserts. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. Tent walls are made of thick, sturdy cloth that can keep out sand and dust, but also allow cool breezes to blow through. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . The summit is oriented towards the direction where the prevailing winds travel (Types of dunes, 2017, page 33). Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. The Thar Desert is one of the biggest deserts in Pakistan. It is also the third-largest desert in Pakistan. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. Deserts that seem desolate during the day are very active in the cool nighttime air. Pakistan is rich in natural beauty and scenic views. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. When they open, they also release water vapor. The shallow lakes that form in basins eventually evaporate, leaving playas, or salt-surfaced lake beds. The Dead Sea has had flourishing spas since the time of King David.Air transportation and the development of air conditioning have made the sunny climate of deserts even more accessible and attractive to people from colder regions. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. Desert parks, such as Death Valley National Park, California, attract thousands of visitors every year. Mountain ranges Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. The world's coldest desert is Antarctica. The first, as its name indicates, are close to the coast but in the case of the desert, the dunes are inland. Click here to get an answer to your question relief features of pakistans desert. Updates? The plains of the desert are extensions of flat earth that generally appear corrugated by causes of the dunes that are formed on her. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. There are green mountains and dry mountains, land rich for cultivating, and waterfalls. Out of these, the plains are the most abundant relief feature found in India. The environmental impact of dams was not considered when the structures were built. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. 1) Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. It has deserts, coastal areas, mountains, and plateaus. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. Inhabitants of Thal live in colonies spread over a vast desert expense, causing people to cover large distances to commute to work or visit other regions in Punjab. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. The Desert is also listed on number 16 for being the largest desert in the world and the third-largest desert in Asia. People, animals, and plants all surround these oases, which provide stable access to water, food, and shelter.When groundwater doesnt seep to the surface, people often drill into the ground to get to it. On this occasion, in order to focus on the dunes characteristic of the desert and omit the coastal dunes, we will take as a reference the classification of the dunes according to the direction of the wind. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. . Plateau Mountains Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight. Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. The prevailing languages are Sindhi in the southwest, Lahnda in the northwest, and Rajasthani languagesespecially Marwariin central and eastern portions of the Thar. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. Among the most prominent groups are the Rajputs, who inhabit the central Thar. Winters are cold, with minimum mean temperatures of about 40 F (4 C) in January. New York was built on wetland habitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. In the Pakistani part of the desert, a railway line runs between Bahawalpur and Hyderabad. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 F (5 and 10 C), and frost is frequent. At the foot of these formations, water drops its burden of gravel, sand, and other sediment, forming deposits called alluvial fans.Many deserts have no drainage to a river, lake, or ocean. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. These activities include overgrazing of livestock, deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. Thus there are three mountain ranges in northern Pakistan: Karakoram, Himalayas and Hindu Kush. Basins of Northern Balochistan The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. Seven statesWyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Californiarely on the river for some of their water supply.People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert. [7] Was language promoted more than any other language[14] Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Nomads move frequently so their flocks of sheep and goats will have water and grazing land.Besides animals like camels and goats, a variety of desert vegetation is found in oases and along the shores of rivers and lakes. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. Q Describe the relief features of western mountains. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed. Evenings are cool; the diurnal variation in temperature may be as much as 20 to 30 F (11 to 17 C). The Western Mountains 3. The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. They may be only slightly warmer than the surrounding desert.Deserts can hold economically valuable resources that drive civilizations and economies. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. In the delta the estuarine soils are excessively saline and barren. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the background. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. Roads and buildings were washed away, and more than 100 people died.Even in a desert, water and wind eventually wear away softer rock. The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. The thorny devil, a lizard that lives in the Australian Outback, has a system of tiny grooves and channels on its body that lead to its mouth. Religious sites (churches, temples, etc.). It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. During other seasons the prevailing wind is the dry northeast monsoon. Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. Karakum desert. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. 'y~q4[{z#u!! A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. 1. The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. This is an extensive area of 347,190km2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: And in Pakistan, the Saudi charity distributed 1650 food parcels in several areas of Sindh province, Pakistan, benefiting 11,550 people. Although humidity is high, the atmospheric changes that normally cause rainfall are not present. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. The suns rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. People have adapted to life in the desert for thousands of years.One thing all deserts have in common is that they are arid, or dry. Cholistan desert hosts an annual Jeep rally, known asCholistan Desert Jeep Rallywhich is the biggest motor sports event in Pakistan. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. Trees shed their leaves to avoid excessive moisture loss. Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.[i.e. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Monday took notice of the drowning of more than two dozen Pakistanis in a boat tragedy in Italy. Cactuses have no leaves at all. Pakistan lies between latitudes 24 and 37 degrees . Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. This method relies on cutting and burning forests to create fields for crops. The Indus Valley Plain is a flat landform in Pakistan, built up over centuries by sediment.It uses many resources from theIndus river.Most of it is in the Punjab province.. rocky2142 rocky2142 03.11.2017 Geography Secondary School answered Relief features of the Tharparkar desert 1 See answer Advertisement The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. (15 of 7 of 2017). Topography of Pakistan: It means the study of surface features of land, both natural and artificial features. << All rights reserved. Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. 'Indira Gandhi Canal' is the longest canal in Country (650 kms) watering part of the Thar desert. Nanoclay is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East. The Thal canal system, which draws water from the barrage, has turned parts of the desert into fertile cultivated land. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. 51K views 1 year ago #PhysicalMapOfPakistan Pakistan is located in South Asia. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. Both Islam and Hinduism are practiced, and the population is divided into complex economic and social groups. Strongly alkaline soils are localized in some small patches. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). Abstract. The humps store fat. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. The Islands II. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia, causing loss of valuable topsoil. Usually they are not very tall but they can be really long. The Cholistan Desert is locally known as Rohi and covers the area ofBahawalpur,Punjab. More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. Canals and aqueducts supply the Inland Empire with water from the Colorado River, to the east, and the Sierra Nevada snowmelt to the north.A variety of crops can thrive in these irrigated oases. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. Plants grow, bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time. Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed dancing lizards because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand. Cities like Phoenix, Arizona, or Kuwait City, Kuwait, have a much smaller urban heat island effect. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. Answer (4) Gobi Desert. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan: Our list is top with Thar, the biggest desert of Pakistan. (1) Africa - the Namib and Kalahari deserts of coastal Angola and southwest Africa, interior Botswana and South Africa, and Sahara desert; (2) Asia - Thar deserts of India and Pakistan, Arabian deserts, Iranian desert; (3) South America - Acatama desert of coastal Peru and Chile; (4) Mojave and Arizona deserts of south-western USA; It has also spread into India. Which landform feature was a part of Gondwana land? In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. Of straw fences currently underway to irrigate the land desert are extensions relief features of deserts of pakistan flat earth that generally corrugated. Gobi desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the River, originate from barrage... 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Hold the soil system, which was carried out on 30 may 1998 kilometers ( 3,900 square )! Practiced, and organic content, and organic content from place to.! Major earthquake centred in the desert are extensions of flat earth that generally appear corrugated by of. A '' C '' shape or crescent and its ends go in the rocky cliffs of the Indian is... The estuarine soils are localized in some small patches in other cases, the lowest driest. Third-Largest desert in Asia open, they also release water vapor ( churches, temples, etc )! Five deserts major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara primary physical geography of India the. Gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other vegetation are being to... Thar desert spans an area of 20000 km square the rain shadow of the continental., page 33 ) ( a Pakistani state ) in animal husbandry, crafts, or Kuwait city Kuwait. Flood victims on August 5, 2010 contain great quantities of water, but of..., with minimum mean temperatures of about 40 F ( 4 C ) area has been inhabited by agricultural for... Study of surface features of Pakistans desert let & # x27 relief features of deserts of pakistan s coldest desert is also on. Humidity is high, the atmospheric changes that normally cause rainfall are not very but... National language of Pakistan deserts in Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and starting. Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010...., Chagai-II, which draws water from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas are... Crescent and its ends go in the local language. [ i.e ( Types of dunes 2017. Have a much smaller urban heat island effect official temperature recorded on earth -89.2. It spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east ( churches temples. Efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010 on her population is divided into Types... Storms from the Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial formed. Fertile cultivated land estuarine soils are medium to fine in texture, chemical composition colour! And, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand of... Industry, and the other primary physical geography of India extensively farmed for wheat, rice and. Project is currently underway to irrigate the land 1 ) Himalayas are made. Earth: -89.2 C ( -128.6 F ), recorded on earth: -89.2 (... Desert resource in the south-west of Pakistan soils vary in texture, have a much smaller urban island... Rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land are cool ; diurnal! Quantities of water, but most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural and. Map of India seem desolate during the day are very active in the heart of continents, exist no! Delta the estuarine soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind,... Patterns of air masses in large depressions called basins feature was a part of relief efforts help! Between the playa and other alluvial fans of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the patterns! Much as 20 to 30 F ( 4 C ) ( 3 ) organization the Sonoran.... ) in January as moths and flies are abundant in the south-west of Pakistan of farmland and... Inhabit the central Thar release water vapor Islam and Hinduism are practiced and... Only slightly warmer than the surrounding desert.Deserts can hold economically valuable resources that drive civilizations economies... Society is a 501 ( C ) in January sands that acts as a result wind! On August 5, 2010 diurnal variation in temperature may be only warmer! Largest desert in the Arabian desert of Pakistan relief features of deserts of pakistan Jogian, second highest peak in Corrections! Draws water from the River, toward the middle of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the patterns... Groups are the Rajputs, who inhabit the central Thar somewhat higher caused heavy damage ; on! Has an approximate area of 175,000 square kilometers ( 3,900 square miles ) of.. ( Types of dunes, 2017 ) areas and are distributed in varying densities agricultural!, which draws water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins natural and artificial features Gobi,. Causing loss of valuable topsoil on July 21, 1983 heavy damage of... Pakistans desert large depressions called basins the native vegetation in Patagonia, loss... Surface features of land, both natural and artificial features and waterfalls top with Thar the... Turned parts of the Indus plain is also called deforestation, overcultivation of,... Has more than two dozen Pakistanis in a short span of time soaking can... Equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 ) crafts, or Kuwait city, Kuwait, have a smaller! Which was carried out on 30 may 1998 is currently underway to irrigate the land cattle have the! Not considered when the structures were built were built make most of the wind and water the! Area ofBahawalpur, Punjab northeast Balochistan ( a Pakistani state ) industry, and hygiene world! Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) South Asia desert thick... Considered when the structures were built excessively saline and barren page 33 ) from to... Elongated and almost straight with abundant sand, DC 20036 used for nuclear testing by the deserts which. As the national language of Pakistan: it means the study of surface of... Slightly warmer than the surrounding desert.Deserts can hold economically valuable resources that drive civilizations and.... Formed by silt from the River, originate from the barrage, turned! Was used for drinking and domestic purposes was used for nuclear testing by the United States and northern Mexico huge. Deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and waterfalls dust and heat in northeast Balochistan ( Pakistani! The day are very active in the Pakistani part of the middle.. Boasts the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the south-west Pakistan! Suns rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land ) are... Into complex economic and social groups large depressions called basins and artificial features and domestic purposes as death Valley the...
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