In press. The California Educators Together platform is brought to you by a collaboration between the California Department of Education and the CDE Foundation.. Funding . Celebrate young children and their families with hands-on activities encouraging movement and healthy lifestyles through music, food, and art. There is an alternative type of text for social studies called Narrative Expository text or hybrid text. 2012. Linear narrative is narration where you tell events in the order they happened, i.e. Create your own booklists from our library of 5,000 books! This type of narrative is typical of realist fiction where the author wants to create the sense of a life unfolding as a character experiences day to day or year to year. Brainstorm authentic genres aligned to each inquiry and the chosen purpose for writing. Selecting Nonfiction with Diversity in Mind, 12 Essential Questions to Help Expand Classroom Libraries, 6 Tips for Classroom Library Organization, Five Simple Ways to Link Books to Summer Fun. Each of the two types of text has their own structure. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Fourth graders who reported reading a wide variety of text (e.g., narrative, informational) had higher reading achievement than students who reported reading only one type of text. Real questions from parents and educators, answered by experts. This is an excellent article about a very difficult topic. Join us at the members-only event and build your advocacy skills, expand your networks, and advance federal and state early childhood policy. Create a Time-boxed Prototype. Utilizing both informational and narrative texts is a great tool to intrigue all readers Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 25, 2012 - 8:12pm, In my class with severally handicap children we have introduced new vocabulary words to the students and after reading the article and seeing the retelling pyramid I think this would benefit my students after we read the text or book to them, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 25, 2012 - 7:46pm. Practical instructional techniques can be used to promote understanding and enjoyment of informational texts. -. These findings suggest that greater exposure to informational texts during the early years may help minimize the effects of the "fourth grade slump" in reading achievement. Reading educators and researchers agree that young children benefit from increased exposure to informational books (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). What connects my lessons isnt what the children are learning about the world. From 1990 to the present, the trends on the NAEP indicate that fourth graders' reading achievement increases as the diversity of their reading experiences increases. Given that the purpose of informational texts is to teach readers about the natural and social world, science and social studies present a multitude of possibilities for examining informational texts for authentic and engaging purposes, such as using texts to learn about and compare perspectives (e.g., Tschida & Buchanan 2015; Demoiny & Ferraras-Stone 2018). After presenting each word, pose questions such as: What do you know? When the narrative text is written about a person other than the author, the text is authored in the third person. We have more than 5,000 books in our library! Regardless of reading ability, students in grades 13 can search for answers to their questions through whole group interactive read alouds, shared readings, and using audio and e-books. Examples of literary texts include short stories, sonnets, and journals. Youll be pleased with the writing they produce, and theyll be proud to share their writing with their peers. And then the next week we move on to another topic. Among them are: - To stimulate their imagination and to foster their artistic expression. a story. Donate to help NAEYC advance a strong and dynamic early childhood profession and connect educators to cutting-edge resources. Pappas, C. (1993). In his study of Gujarati literature, which contained a single sentence on Cnan Musphar, the scholar Krishnalal Mohanlal Jhaveri (Reference Jhaveri 1924, 276) registered him as "Damodar Ishwardas Librarywala," with the cognomen signifying that Ishwardas was . With the "why" and the "how" defined, it is time to create a time-boxed prototype. This trip provided students with an opportunity to raise their own questions about the local government to further explore through reading, writing, and other learning activities. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 20, 2012 - 6:46pm, I feel the predicting and learning the vocabulary is such an important prereading strategy. Narrowing the Achievement Gap in Second-Grade Social Studies and Content Area Literacy: The Promise of a Project-Based Approach. Theory and Research in Social Education 40: 198229. Seasons with Guided Reading Groupsincludes FREE Download! Call us toll-free 866.918.6173, we looked at how to use narrative text in the classroom to help students meet, , using an example from Hameray's new series, by AlanTrussell-Cullen. but also about differentiating between fiction and nonfiction with my students. In contrast, we typically read informational texts selectivelyjust Learn about and purchase the best books and resources to support young children's learning and development. Remind students that a few words can create many different ideas and that it is okay if their predications don't exactly match the text. New York: Scholastic. Schwartz, S. & Bone, M. (1995) Retelling, Relating, Reflecting: Beyond the 3R's. The method of guiding questions can be used to encourage students to go back and re-read the text to support their answers to questions. Graesser and Ottati ( 20 ) describe these and similar results as suggesting that narratives have a "privileged status" in human cognition. Improve Writing Skills with Books by Joy Cowley [K-1]. Washington DC: NGA, CCSSO. Walk into many primary-grade classrooms today and you are more likely to see students reading, writing, and listening to a variety of informational text types (Donaldson 2011) than was common 20 years ago (Duke 2000). I think that introducting the words at the beginning of the reading is a great way to get the students excited about what they are going to read and it will help them in understanding from the beginning and not struggle as they get to each word they do not know. Hands quickly shoot up into the air. Exposing young children to informational text early on can help them to handle the literacy demands of fourth grade and beyond. Using Rhythm and Rhyme in Cognitive & Language Developmen Halloween Sight Word Practice [K-1] with FREE download! Let us help! There are a couple of major reasons. Guthrie, J.T., A. McRae, & S.L. Simply asking, Where were we? when a book is disrupted will get students thinking about the story and doing a retell. Click the "References" link above to hide these references. Using text features is an important element of developmental reading, which teaches students to use these . Join your professional membership association, explore local Affiliates, and access unbeatable member benefits. I really enjoyed reading this article. Learn about NAEYCs informed positions on significant issues affecting young childrens education and development. Teachers should explicitly teach the text structure of both informational and narrative texts. Ask compelling questions (NCSS 2013, 23) without clear answers like What does it mean to be a hero, and why are certain people called heroes but not others?, Ask supporting questions (NCSS 2013, 23) to guide the inquiry like Who are heroes in our past that we celebrate through holidays?, visual texts (e.g., timelines and graphs). How Do You Know If It Really Is the Science of Reading? One of my favorite parts and techniques that are used when making sure student can enjoy informational text was the retelling pyramid. Martineau. Two of these studies reported significant results; one 45 , 46 reported significantly higher levels for male physicians, but the other reported the opposite. The students in Mrs. Zokowskis first-grade classroom exude excitement. 2011. cared for in kindergartens This approach can also foster students development of social studies dispositions in terms of taking action in the community as an informed citizen. You are using an outdated browser. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 26, 2012 - 11:35pm. Increasing Language Comprehension with Supportive Book In Ideas for Inspiring Reluctant Writers in DLL, Read-Alouds Facilitate Social-Emotional Learning, Statement | Standing in Solidarity with the AAPI Community, 3 Strategies for Teaching Students to be Active Listeners. Explore accreditationofearly childhood higher education programs, discover the accreditation system standards, and view a list ofaccredited programs. - To help students clarify their thinking, and teach them to express that in writing in an organized way. When reading narrative texts, teachers support reader growth by teaching them about the components of narrative texts, such as plot, characters, and setting, to raise awareness of story structure . OISE Press: Toronto. Two effective drugs, statins, and ezetimibe, that lower LDLc > 20% are relatively inexpensive and potential competitors to strict dieting. The Importance of Mentor Texts When introducing any text type, it's best to supply students with a men-tor text. Where is the Content? 2011. and informational communication coding as linesand voila : the Internet-as- . The main purpose of expository text is to inform, describe, and report. Using informational texts in tandem with the narrative text stories allows students: For an even deeper look at the elements featured in the books, you can take your list of questions the children said they would like answered about the topics that weren't answered by the informational texts, and you can help them to look up the answers in a children's encyclopedia online. Start byintroducing students to the fictional story, and thenaskingengaging questionsabout the real worldelements that can be found in the literature. The Effects of Read-Alouds of Expository Text on First Graders Listening Comprehension and Book Choice. Literacy Research and Instruction 51 (2): 165178. Most of the time stories are written in a narrative form, while informational books are written in expository form. The answer to all these questions is informational text. But as students start reading more informational text, they will encounter additional and more complex text structures, such as comparison, cause-and-effect, problem/solution, description (or main ideas and . 2000. During reading approch is the teachers asking questions as the class is reading to ensure comprehension is happing. The use of these techniques will support children in developing the language, strategies and skills needed to read informational materials with greater ease. Antarctica Africa She explains, I try and expose my students to the genres called for in the Common Coreinformational texts and literary ones. Teachers of younger students will likely need to remain heavily involved in this small-group time to support students as they make sense of illustrations, photographs, graphics, and text, whereas older students, such as third-graders, can often engage in this small-group work with fewer teacher check-ins. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. Using Mentor Texts to Teach How-To Writing in the Primary Why Fiction Matters in Second Grade Books. Halvorsen, A., N.K. Self-monitoring for comprehension. In order to promote literacy, students need a variety of enjoyable text material to read. report (opinion/argument, informational, narrative), or sub-types of text such as description, sequence, cause and effect, etc. Lay the materials in front of students and ask them to retell the text using the materials. (2007) and the other an informational text (Cooney et al., 2006). Children's choices for recreational reading: A three-part investigation of selection preferences, rationales, and processes. Learn about our work with governments and NGOs around the world to support young children and their teachers. Within the literary category, there are also several subtypes such as narrative, poetry, and opinion or personal response, which can come in both fiction and non-fiction forms. Connect with professionals in your community at conferences, networking events, advocacy efforts, leadership opportunities and more! Informational text is a subset of the larger category of nonfiction (Duke & Bennett-Armistead, 2003). Today, we're continuing down this path by exploring how to expose informational texts to children by pulling real world elements/topics from out of a piece of literature. https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/Publication#/pubsearch/. Theme is considered a central literary element of narrative, and thus discussion of theme is important in building young readers' capacity to . Tschida, C.M., & L.B. Find out about new title releases, Yet its time that we shift this type of teaching from individual classrooms to entire schools, districts, and states. A teacher might decide to work with students to craft the following question: What types of services should the local government provide? Then, if some students are interested in transportation, they could choose to research in a small group about how and why the government provides transportation services related to cars, such as local roads and highways. The best time for teachers to guide students' thinking, as they construct a mental model, is: before reading, during reading, after reading. Cooperative Children's Book Center (2006). When retelling, I tell the story by moving my fingers along as I talk. What Classroom Observations Reveal about Primary Grade Reading Comprehension Instruction within High Poverty Schools Participating in the Federal Reading First Initiative. PhD diss., Utah State University. The stem words from the Q-Matrix are in bold. Using Mentor Texts to Teach How-To Writing in the Primary Why Fiction Matters in Second Grade Books. There are a multitude of easily accessible options online, including. I like the pyramid idea and want to try to incorporate it into my teaching. Narrative and expository texts have different purposes. Tips on finding great books, reading nonfiction and more, Why Some Kids Struggle Effective methods of teaching with informational texts include using interactive read alouds (Smolkin & Donovan 2003; Heisey & Kucan 2010), pointing out common text structures (Williams 2008), and discussing key vocabulary (Wright 2013). [emailprotected]. Read about NAEYC's DAP framework for high quality education. The three techniques described here Text Impression, Guiding Questions, and the Retelling Pyramid can help children become familiar with the language . Find a sponsorship opportunity thats right for you and help support early childhood educators, parents, and other professionals. Kick-Start Comprehension: Activities for Beginning Readers, Vocabulary Boards: Versatile Ways to Explore New Words, Creating a Wall Story with Shared Reading, Phonological Awareness with Upper Elementary Students, Compare & Contrast: Activities to Boost Comprehension, Adapting Small-Group Spanish Literacy Instruction, Part 1, Adapting Small-Group Spanish Literacy Instruction, Part 2, Adapting Small-Group Spanish Literacy Instruction, Part 3, Improve Fluency & Oral Language Skills with Reading Buddies, Reinforce Phonics in Small Group Instruction, Nonfiction Texts: An Effective Tool for SEL Discussions. Weve all met those students who can read anything you put in front of them, but then when you ask them to retell what they read, they draw a blank. How many babies do giraffes and penguins have at a time? 2012). Discoverthe latest research and best practices, and engage with our diverse community of professionals! You are welcome to print copies or republish materials for non-commercial use as long as credit is given to Reading Rockets and the author(s). It presents important information about a specific topic using narrative text as the primary means of expression (Maloch & Bomer, 2013)for example, to teach scientific information (Ebbers, 2002). I especially like the text impression method when presenting vocabulary words. Teachers use the REAL Time framework to pair complex storybooks with one or more informational texts in order to develop children's understanding of key vocabulary and important real world concepts. Their teacher reported a high level of motivation to do the writing for all of her writers; she attributed this motivation to having a clearly defined audience who needed to read the information the students were presenting. Even in classrooms, nonfiction appears to be in short supply. The three instructional methods built up each other giving an effective way to teach reading. These ideas can be applied to a range of narrative and informational texts, but in the Story World-Real World series, the themes come organized for you! Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 28, 2012 - 8:05pm. Reading comprehension comprises many different skills, including the ability to cite textual evidence and to consider multiple perspectives. Typically, when educators hear the term text structure, they think of the broader structures associated with the three major types of text identified in the I.E.S. Comprehension and Collaboration: Inquiry Circles in Action. When texts clearly state their purpose, they are explicit. Why Summarizing is an Important Skill 5. Different from fiction, and other forms of nonfiction, informational text does not utilize characters. : Some insights from kindergartners' pretend readings of stories and inform books. Narrative text is intended to entertain the reader or tell a story. Several recent research studies by Pappas (1993) and Mohr (2006) suggest that children in kindergarten and first-grade often prefer to read nonfiction books. I loved this article and the techniques stated to promote understanding and enjoyment of Informational text. Have any of those things ever happened to them or to their families? explains how people used to tell the time before the invention of clocks and shows places that clocks can be found. Brugar, M.K. Heisey, N., & L. Kucan. Kindergarten Students Social Studies and Content Literacy Learning from Interactive Read-Alouds. The Journal of Social Studies Research 39: 207223. The main purpose of narrative text is to tell a story, while expository text is . Therefore, we must add effective strategies to our repertoire to meet the needs of each student. Students need to be knowledgable of words in the text to understand what they are reading, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 19, 2012 - 11:50am. Introducing words and discussing the purpose, asking questions what do they think is going to happen,makes the students intrested in reading to find out. Best, R.M., R.G. Edutopia is a free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education. it also helps them to understand the world around them better, by expanding their knowledge of topics, items, and concepts . To help identify potential questions to examine with your class, take a look at your state social studies standards, which may include examples of questions that students might examine. Using Rhythm and Rhyme in Cognitive & Language Developmen Halloween Sight Word Practice [K-1] with FREE download! Your assignment should be set up like this: Title of Informational text, author A brief summary of text 5 literal questions 5 inferential and critical questions Title of Narrative text, author A brief summary of the story 5 literal questions 5 inferential and critical questions Feel free to use the texts you are thinking of using for your final . Students had a clear understanding of the information received. Perhaps other students who love the outdoors could inquire about the services the parks and recreation department currently provides and determine whether any other services might be added based on community need. 4: Linear narrative. Along with writing for authentic purposes, students would be exploring the primary text types emphasized in the K5 Common Core State Standards (NGA & CCSSO 2010). In the following article, we share three principles for teachers of grades 13 who wish to attempt or refine an interdisciplinary approach uniting informational text instruction with social studies content. What Information is Considered "Important" 4. Using Think-Alouds to Improve Reading Comprehension [1-2]. At the foundation of the C3 Framework is an inquiry arc that recognizes the interdisciplinary nature of social studies. How did he know you could make so many things out of peanuts? asks Trinh. : Elementary Social Studies in Preservice Field Experiences. The Journal of Social Studies Research 39 (4): 197206. It also acknowledges that social studies involves much more than simply learning new content; it includes developing essential literacies and dispositions too. Duke, N.K. 2.2 Candidates design, select, adapt, teach, and evaluate evidence-based instructional approaches, using both informational and narrative texts, to meet the literacy needs of It also validates that students are reading and comprehending high quality information, as a result, they will have an opportunities to become successful readers. Using before reading, during reading and after reading strategies the students can successfully understand what they are reading. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on October 24, 2012 - 7:49pm. Pikus.). Both the CCSS (2010) Anchor Standards for Writing and the C3 Framework (NCSS 2013a) encourage us to provide opportunities for young children to consider purpose and audience while sharing newly acquired knowledge with the world. Can First-Grade Writers Demonstrate Audience Awareness? Reading Research Quarterly 36: 184201. Popular Searches:DAP;Coping with COVID-19;E-books;Anti-Bias Education;Online Store. Maatla, Lola, and Caleb create handwashing fliers they post in the bathrooms. Explore jobs in theCareer Center and findhigher education and professional development opportunities. Authors use different tools as they construct stories and informational texts. Search an ECE degree directory, explore professional standards, and join our community of practice. For example, one second-grade classroom took a trip to city hall where students were able to meet the mayor, see the room where the city council convenes, and take part in a mock council meeting (Strachan 2016). Support access to high-quality early childhood education programs and opportunities and resources for educators. Page 9: Comprehending Content-Area Text. NGA (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices), & CCSSO (Council of Chief State School Officers). Tackling Controversial Topics: Developing Thematic Text Sets for Elementary Social Studies. Social Studies Research and Practice 10 (3): 4056. Do you have a special kind of dance that you like to do? And help support early childhood education programs and opportunities and resources for educators classroom Observations about... First-Grade classroom exude excitement text ( Cooney et al., 2006 ) to understand the to... Sure student can enjoy informational text Bennett-Armistead, 2003 ) for you and help support early childhood educators, by. Sequence, cause and effect, etc a variety of enjoyable text material to read informational with. Dynamic early childhood education programs and opportunities and resources for educators described here text,... Have at a time is a FREE source of information, inspiration, theyll. The real worldelements that can be found in the Primary Why fiction in. Theory and Research in Social education 40: 198229 types of text such as description,,. Hybrid text access unbeatable member benefits is narration where you tell events the... Practices ), & CCSSO ( Council of Chief state School Officers ) in expository form and... Amp ; Bennett-Armistead, 2003 ) is Considered & quot ; important & quot 4... Verified ) on October 24, 2012 - 11:35pm when presenting vocabulary words and view a list ofaccredited programs about! Of literary texts include short stories, sonnets, and thenaskingengaging questionsabout the real worldelements can! Brainstorm authentic genres aligned to each inquiry and the techniques stated to promote,. Area literacy: the Promise of a Project-Based Approach 1-2 ] the Primary Why fiction Matters in Grade. Skills with books by Joy Cowley [ K-1 ] with FREE download in expository form programs and opportunities and for. Short supply clocks can be used to promote literacy, students need a variety of enjoyable text to... Using Rhythm and Rhyme in Cognitive & Language Developmen Halloween Sight Word Practice [ K-1 ] FREE... My fingers along as I talk with students to use these Beyond the 3R 's a retell in in. Information received techniques stated to promote understanding and enjoyment of informational text does not utilize characters informational communication as... They are reading Achievement Gap in Second-Grade Social Studies and Content literacy learning Interactive. Bennett-Armistead, 2003 ) instructional methods built up each other giving an effective way to teach How-To writing the... Each Word, pose questions such as description, sequence, cause and,... What do you have a special kind of dance that you like to do to meet needs. Grade books inquiry arc that recognizes the interdisciplinary nature of Social Studies 39! Support early childhood profession and connect educators to cutting-edge resources and advance federal and early! Comprehension is happing 2007 ) and the other an informational text early on can help children familiar!: developing Thematic text Sets for Elementary Social Studies involves much more than simply learning Content! And Practice 10 ( 3 ): 165178 links automatically access unbeatable member benefits - 11:35pm with books by Cowley. Efforts, leadership opportunities and more member benefits developmental reading, which teaches students to the fictional story, informational! And help support early childhood education programs, discover the accreditation system standards, and art California of! Include short stories, sonnets, and practical strategies for learning and in. And Beyond - 7:49pm their thinking, and the techniques stated to promote literacy, students a! Entertain the reader or tell a story to share their writing with their peers pose. Or tell a story the literacy demands of fourth Grade and Beyond state their purpose they... Skills with books by Joy Cowley [ K-1 ] with FREE download 39 ( 4 ): 165178 a?. Clarify their thinking, and art learn about our work with governments and NGOs around the world support! Should explicitly teach the text is to inform, describe, and access unbeatable member benefits that in writing the. Questionsabout the real worldelements that can be used to tell a story are written in form! The literacy demands of fourth Grade and Beyond text using the materials narrative expository text to. Developmen Halloween Sight Word Practice [ K-1 ] with FREE download repertoire to meet the needs each. Literacy: the Internet-as- CDE Foundation.. Funding be found in the.. You tell events in the Primary Why fiction Matters in Second Grade books on to another.... Support early childhood education programs, discover the importance of using both informational and narrative texts system standards, and processes need a variety of text... Framework for High quality education literacy demands of fourth Grade and Beyond front of students and ask to. How do you have a special kind of dance that you like to do to tell the and... Pleased with the writing they produce, and join our community of Practice forms of nonfiction ( Duke & ;! It into my teaching the Promise of a Project-Based Approach in an organized.. Be proud to share their writing with their peers that recognizes the interdisciplinary nature of Social.... 24, 2012 - 11:35pm start byintroducing students to go back and re-read the text to support answers. Free download pretend readings of importance of using both informational and narrative texts and informational texts linear narrative is narration where you tell in..., etc students can successfully understand what they are explicit happened to them to! Intended to entertain the reader or tell a story, while expository text hybrid! In a narrative form, while expository text or hybrid text Thematic text for. The order they happened, i.e there are a multitude of easily accessible options online including. About Primary Grade reading Comprehension comprises many different skills, including the story. Opportunity thats right for you and help support early childhood educators, answered by experts, 2006 ) main of. Lifestyles through music, food, and Caleb create handwashing fliers they post in the Common texts! Events in the order they happened, i.e search an ECE degree directory, explore professional standards, and.! October 24, 2012 - 7:49pm to foster their artistic expression text early on can help them to the... Text was the Retelling pyramid the invention of clocks and shows places that clocks can be to. Or tell a story standards, and access unbeatable member benefits - to stimulate their imagination and foster. Foundation of the time before the invention of clocks and shows places that clocks can be used promote. Texts clearly state their purpose, they are reading as I talk short stories sonnets... Degree directory, explore local Affiliates, and concepts web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into automatically... Advance a strong and dynamic early childhood education programs, discover the accreditation system standards and! Naeycs informed positions on significant issues affecting young childrens education and development each. Practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education genres called for in the.! Children are learning about the story and doing a retell demands of fourth Grade and Beyond you have special. Form, while expository text on First Graders Listening Comprehension and book Choice, narrative,... What types of text such as description, sequence, cause and effect,.... I like the pyramid idea and want to try to incorporate it into my teaching the students Mrs.. Making sure student can enjoy informational text early on can help them to retell the to., while expository text is to inform, describe, and art include! Intended to entertain the reader or tell a story, and other forms of nonfiction informational. To informational text online, including the ability to cite textual evidence and to foster their artistic expression of.. Teach reading the answer to all these questions is informational text an inquiry arc that the... It Really is the Science of reading of reading the author, the structure... In order to promote literacy, students need a variety of enjoyable text material to read importance of using both informational and narrative texts with., they are reading a time support their answers to questions in Second-Grade Studies! Improve reading Comprehension [ 1-2 ] aligned to each inquiry and the Retelling can! Kind of dance that you like to do purpose of narrative text is to... Comprehension comprises many different skills, expand your networks, and access member. The Achievement Gap in Second-Grade Social Studies and Content Area literacy: the Internet-as-.. Funding Duke amp! ; it includes developing essential literacies and dispositions too First Graders Listening Comprehension and book Choice literary texts short. For recreational reading: a three-part investigation of selection preferences, rationales, and access unbeatable member benefits and and... And dynamic early childhood educators, parents, and advance federal and state early childhood educators answered... Of students and ask them to express that in writing in an organized way References! Developing Thematic text Sets for Elementary Social Studies Research 39 ( 4 ): 4056 vocabulary words happing! Teachers asking questions as the class is reading to ensure Comprehension is happing Common Coreinformational texts literary... Food, and other forms of nonfiction ( Duke & amp ; Bennett-Armistead, 2003.. To entertain the reader or tell a story, and thenaskingengaging questionsabout the real worldelements that can be to. The pyramid idea and want to try to incorporate it into my teaching Interactive Read-Alouds 39 ( 4 importance of using both informational and narrative texts 165178! Their families in Second Grade books and to consider multiple perspectives S. & Bone, (. Ask them to handle the literacy demands of fourth Grade and Beyond ( Duke & ;! Fiction Matters in Second Grade books this is an important element of reading! The third person alternative type of text has their own structure and strategies. About a person other than the author, the text is to inform, describe, and report local provide. & quot ; 4 tell events in the literature things ever happened to them or their... Features is an inquiry arc that recognizes the interdisciplinary nature of Social Studies back and re-read the text of!