In 2014, Congress reformed the Code of Military Justice, requiring abuses by members of the military against civilians to be prosecuted in civilian, not military, courts. The government did not effectively enforce the law or regulations. In October 2020, the government eliminated the independent fund that paid for protection measures, putting the mechanism in a precarious financial situation. As part of that process, the Federal Center published a new legitimization protocol to include a mechanism that allows for submission of complaints regarding alleged irregularities that may happen prior to, during, and after the vote. The government had minimal presence in the ownership of news media but remained a significant source of advertising revenue for many media organizations, which at times influenced coverage. Legal reforms enacted in 2017 and 2018 have been slow and ineffective in addressing torture and impunity. Some companies reportedly did not implement effective protective measures for employees, and one factory, owned by Eaton Corporation in Baja California, was operating illegally and was closed after it placed chains on its doors to prevent 800 workers from leaving. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. Amidst this systematic weakening of Mexicos institutions,the effort by Lpez Obrador and his Attorney General Alejandro Gertz Manero to gut and reverse Mexicos judicial reforms toward an accusatorial system andweaken judicial independenceare among the most detrimental. Despite a 2017 injunction issued by a state district judge to prevent further grave abuses at the institution, the CNDH reported state authorities failed to supervise the conditions at Ciudad de los Ninos. In May voting in prisons occurred for the first time in the countrys modern history after the Federal Electoral Tribunal ruled prisoners in pretrial detention had the right to vote. This piece was originally published by Mexico Today. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. As a result the number of pretrial detainees increased 25 percent since 2018, and pretrial detainees comprised 40 percent of all prisoners, according to government figures. Elsewhere, same-sex couples must petition for an injunction (amparo) to be allowed to marry. For example, Felipe Orozco, hospitalized multiple times for mental disabilities, reported that mental health professionals from a psychiatric hospital in Puebla shackled him naked with a padlock during the nights for two and one-half weeks. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. In 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that a lesbian couple from Aguascalientes state should be allowed to register a child born to one of the women as a child of both. The states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, plus Mexico City, accounted for 76 percent of reported disappearances from 2018 to June 30. Cozumel is a very safe place to vacation in 2023, with a low historic crime rate, especially relative to other US and Mexican destinations. The CNDH reported that assailants killed 12 human rights defenders from January to July. Some cases dated back to the 1960s, but the vast majority occurred since 2006. Mexicos foreign policy regarding human rights under the Lpez Obrador administration has been based on the principle of non-intervention. In June, Mexico criticized other countries in the region that had condemned the jailing of critics and opposition candidates in Nicaragua, saying that they were intervening in Nicaraguas internal affairs. Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. 2023. Many workers were compelled into forced labor through debt bondage, threats of violence, and nonpayment of wages by recruiters and employers. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, and NGOs expressed concerns regarding arbitrary detention and the potential for it to lead to other human rights abuses. Local commentators pointed to the electoral authorities quick and transparent publishing of results as increasing citizen trust in the electoral and democratic system. (Lpez Obrador falsely claimed in November 2021 that a deal to end forest loss by 2030 reached at the global climate summit in Glasgow was inspired by Sowing Life.) Only 5.2 percent of crimes committed in Mexico are solved, the nongovernmental group Mxico Evala reports. A 2019 constitutional reform increased the number of crimes for which pretrial detention is mandatory and bail is not available, including armed robbery, electoral crimes, fuel theft, and weapons possession. The color of the circles corresponds to the homicide rate and the size to the number of homicide reports (which may refer to more than one victim). Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. All states have their own human rights commissions. In April authorities arrested 30 members of the navy and charged them with forced disappearances in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, in 2018. The law requires the Secretariat of Health to promote the creation of long-term institutions for persons with disabilities in distress, and the Secretariat of Social Development must establish specialized institutions to care for, protect, and house poor, neglected, or marginalized persons with disabilities. As of June, 58 percent of women in federal prison and 51 percent in municipal and state prisons were in pretrial detention, while 42 percent of men in the federal and local judicial system were in pretrial detention, according to a report from the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection. The Interior Secretariat registered 224 verbal and physical attacks against journalists in 2020 and a total of 1,052 between 2015 and 2020, 41 percent of which the secretariat attributed to public servants. The 27,751 calls to the hotline in May were the most since the creation of the hotline. Share this via WhatsApp According to civil society groups, migrants at some detention centers faced abuse when commingled with gang members and other criminals. Access to justice was limited. Criminal groups became increasingly involved in the illegal timber trade in Chihuahua, which accounted for 70 percent of the wood consumed in the country. Some areas of Mexico have increased risk of crime and kidnapping. Observers noted that it also increased the likelihood of work-related illness and injury. On October 7, the army relieved Colonel Miguel Angel Ramirez Canchola, accused of ordering the killings, of his posting, but as of October prosecutors had not taken action against the soldiers. Organized criminal elements, including local and transnational gangs, and narcotics traffickers, were significant perpetrators of violent crimes and committed acts of homicide, torture, kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, bribery, intimidation, and other threats, resulting in high levels of violence and exploitation, particularly targeting vulnerable groups. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. If the relevant authority accepts a CNDH recommendation, the CNDH is required to follow up with the authority to verify that it is carrying out the recommendation. Mexico: most common crimes witnessed in Mexico 2022 Share of respondents who witnessed a crime in Mexico in 2022, by type Mexico: victimization rate 2012-2021 Mexico: victimization. The midterms marked a large increase in female candidates. Flores received temporary protection from the Interior Secretariat protection mechanism. Impunity for torture was prevalent among the security forces. The law prohibits such practices and requires search warrants. 2022. to. Politicians publicly discredited and criticized such journalists, however. According to civil society, the protections the mechanism provided after the attempt to his life were lacking. Mexico's defense secretary, Luis Cresencio Sandoval, has defended his government's tactics, calling the attacks a counteroffensive against growing government pressure, including the deployment of. After denying they existed, in 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office provided evidence of Pegasus licensing contracts in 2016 and 2017. In July Public Safety Secretary Rosa Isela Rodriguez revealed that the Felipe Calderon and Enrique Pena Nieto administrations signed 31 contracts for $61 million to buy Pegasus spy software. The federal government created a National System for the Search of Missing Persons as required by law, but as of August it had not established the required National Forensic Data Bank. Municipal police arrested eight women and one man, later releasing all detainees. This was a common practice in the maquiladora sector, in which employers forced workers to take leave at low moments in the production cycle and obliged them to work in peak seasons, including the Christmas holiday period, without the corresponding triple pay mandated by law for voluntary overtime on national holidays. Several outbreaks of COVID-19 resulted in multiple deaths. But the 2021 midterms showed to an unprecedented degree that the criminal groups are no longer satisfied to coopt elected officials. Lpez Obrador has cut budgets and personnel to many Mexican institutions and left them with minimal regulatory, oversight, and minimal capacities. Impunity and extremely low rates of prosecution remained a problem for all crimes, including human rights abuses and corruption. In many states, police presence and emergency services are extremely limited outside the state capital or major cities. Detained migrants have said they were not given masks or soap and were denied medical treatment when they had symptoms of Covid-19. In July 2020 authorities extradited Lozoya, former director of PEMEX, the state-owned petroleum company, from Spain. Women and girls continue to face alarming rates of gender-based violence. Many women working in the industry reported suffering some form of abuse. Jewish community representatives reported good cooperation with the government and other religious and civil society organizations in addressing rare instances of such acts. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. Access to Asylum: Federal law provides for granting asylum, refugee status, or complementary protection to those fleeing persecution or facing possible threats to their life, security, or liberty in their country of origin; this right was generally respected. Prosecutors continue to use arraigo detention, a mechanism allowing them to obtain judicial authorization to detain anyone for up to 40 days without charge, for interrogation. Authorities arrested four police officers and charged them with femicide (killing a woman because of her gender). The reforms also establish an expedited and more transparent judicial process for unions to obtain collective bargaining rights. The Mexican governments response remains deeply troubling mostly a hope the criminals will sort it out among themselves. In August and September 2021, Mexico hosted negotiations between representatives from the Venezuelan government and opposition groups mediated by Norway. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Transnational criminal organizations compete in the border area to establish narco-trafficking and human smuggling routes. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. 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