Why did Christine start the fire at the bookshop? Does With(NoLock) help with query performance? I've only added the footage as a tribute for historical, entertainment, and creative purposes with no financial gain. He didn't stop till Noodles was done raping her! There's only the people he knows at the time he is smoking the opium. That's all well and good, but it doesn't really seem to adress the actual question why Deborah would engage with Max. What happens to Noodles in those years is fairly easy to guess, without any specifics. When Once Upon a Time in America first ran in theaters, there were reports that people in the audience laughed when Deborah is reintroduced after a 35-year gap in the action. The prostitute from that scene ends up rejecting Noodles, too, and contributes to the downfall of the gang. Noodles and Max are partners and competitors, one is ambitious, the other gets a yen for the beach. 50 best WWII movies of all time. The "Look at yourself Noodles" scene is to me highly important, remember Noodles going and looking at himself in the mirror right after Deborah's humiliating comment. The son was probably a mistake. The film opens and closes with Kate Smiths version of God Bless America. Though the scene occurs during the 1968 timeframe, the song comes out of the radio of a car seemingly from another point in time. Once Upon a Time in America (C'era una Volta in America, 1984) was the last film that Sergio Leone directed and also his most monumental achievement. If not, what other information would you like? Taxi Driver: A Look at NYCs Inglorious Past. Yeah OP, why does rape need to be justified to put in a film? america sings death photos 27 Feb. america sings death photos. 10 / 100. She told him that because she knew exactly Noodles would recognize Senator Bailey's son, David (names after Noodles), as looking just the same as Max when they were kids. The score was composed by Ennio Morricone, who wrote the music behind Leones A Fistful of Dollars, For A Few Dollars More, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. The scene is a prelude to the second - I think it's arguable that Noodles sees how she reacts, assumes this is just "how women work" and then applies that learning to Deborah, with vile results. Tomorrow they ask me to get rid of you. The Banshees of Inisherin: An uncomfortable question edges forward. This is why both his best friend and childhood crush reject him in the end, because they both do want more. I know this isn't an answer, but I think this storyline is more poetic and interpretive than something we are supposed to analyze from a character point of view. you see him for a second. New on the block, Max (Rusty Jacobs) interrupts the gang as theyre about to roll a drunk, and Max makes off with the guys watch for himself. #91. Deborah claims not to know much about Bailey, but Noodles already knows they have lived together for years. The entire "old age" segment of the film has an eerie dreamlike quality, and I'm not sure it is supposed to seem realistic. Noodles then does what young men in coming-of-age movies have done since Cooley High: Something really stupid. An entire life has become a faade. Did the Gang, including Fat Moe, know that Noodles raped Deborah? The reminder of the rape (the scene with the "game") is just before his date with the second victim. bartaco plantain sauce recipe. Robert Downey Jr. in Iron Man (2008); Jonathan Majors as Kang in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023) Photo: Paramount/Courtesy Everett Collection; Marvel Studios. Of course did Noodles open the door and see the young man looking exactly like Max when he was a kid. Should we not put killing on the screen? Sex is a economic transaction for him as a child and he tries to replicate this by extravagantly spending on a dinner date for Deborah. Cockeye, who has been playing the pan pipe since the beginning of the film, wants to sit in with the band. Then comes the second sequence, which is miles away from the first. In his mind there's not a huge world with many characters and unlimited possibilities. Noodles views himself as loyal and the better man so he refuses to even call him Max let alone kill him. While there is some motivational ambiguity in the scene during the jewel heist attack, the rape of Deborah is devastatingly direct. Unrelated: they obviously spent a lot of money to make a 4hr movie but they can't use realistic blood when someone gets beat up or shot? The scene could have been in Diner, Ferris Buellers Day Off, or even Thelma & Louise. A US release clocked in at 139 minutes. Phase 5 of the . son. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? But the 35-year gap between the slaughter of Noodles crew and the introduction of Secretary Bailey is almost unfathomable. When he makes his fortune, he believes that this will convince Deborah to marry him and MAYBE she would have if he had been prepared to choose HER instead of Max and the gangster life-style; but Noodles is not a hugely intelligent individual and he blows his chance with Deborah by not putting her first. For all that, the film remains something of a mess. Once Upon A Time In South America (2LP Vinyl) BY Emerson Lake & Palmer 1 2 3 4 5 ( Customer Reviews) $27.00 SKU: 089353334529 Label: Rock Beat Category: Progressive Rock Add to wishlist Shipping Region Please select Quantity * Tweet DESCRIPTION REVIEWS WRITE A REVIEW He died in the opium den. The Godfather doesnt judge its gangsters. The end of Prohibition is coming and all those trucks theyre using to haul liquor can be repurposed for a more lucrative future. 50. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. In Once Upon a Time, Tate goes to a matinee screening where she points to her picture on the poster as she asks the box office attendee if she's allowed free admission because she's in the. Hes a romantic. It was written by Herschel Noodles Goldberg, under the pen name of Harry Grey while he was serving time in Sing-Sing Prison. The cut first screened at Cannes ran to 269 minutes. One ironic difference between the two films is whimsy. Life can be really really shitty. As part of an interstellar experiment, a group of death row inmates embark on a dangerous mission. Is that okay with you? What "red flags"? You think, "Boy, these characters have lost all likability they ever had." How can I change a sentence based upon input to a command? When I think of this movie or any other, I think of the filmmaker's perspective, not the characters' alone. He is the TV Editor at Entertainment. His experiences with women have been limited to prostitutes or with women like Carol, the blonde cashier who encouraged him to rape her because she is a masochist who enjoys extremely rough sex; the scene in which Carol entices and provokes Noodles in to raping her ends with her having a screaming orgasm. But maybe she only realized it later when she was already in a relation with him (since she seems to know it when Noodles visits her in the 60s). Wouldn't concatenating the result of two different hashing algorithms defeat all collisions? The Corleone family never gets those moments, not even in the flashbacks to Sicily or as children on the stoop listening to street singers play guitars. Max of course can never reveal to Noodles how he really feels about him, perhaps Max does not even realise himself that what he feels for Noodles is sexual love. What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? I don't like you're line of thinking on this. And yet, Max is not happy. Maybe even starting at when Noodles sees Deborah again at the dressing room until the end of the film. Of course Deborah knew who Bailey, her life partner, was. The other element is that Deborah has been sexually attracted to noodles for a long time, but suppresses it because he's a wild child (he stabs a cop within the first half hour and spends over 10 years in prison) and she sees her feelings as a weakness, her own inability to shake off the stink of the streets. Committee: House Energy and Commerce: Related Items: Data will display when it becomes available. It's all Noodles making up a 'happy' ending for everyone - so to speak. Related posts: His friend and the love of his life, Noodles. And possessing Deborah, Noodles life-long romantic ideal, would be Maxs crowning achievement. This scene is his low point as a character, and basically the end of the movie, aside from the epilogue. What happens next, at the ending of Once Upon a Time in America, is the famous scene outside the villa: Noodles goes outside from a back door and walks in the dark, passing by a big truck. They are in the back of a car, and driver keeps driving during the beginning of the sequence. many things start to take off but never go anywhere. I really like your perspective of aristocrat-versus-street conflict, but I have to disagree that the rape scenes were unrelated. The man opening the door to stop the rape is our best hero at that moment, and we suddenly are reassured that this is not 'of the time,' and the friends watching the prior rape are horrible people for letting it happen. One of my fav scenes from this masterpiece.\"How beautiful are your feet in sandals, O prince's daughter.\" I used to read the Bible every night. This new restoration, which premiered in 2012, lumbers its way to 251 minutes. The filming of Once Upon a Time in America started in June 1982 and eventually ended in April the next year. Once Upon a Time in America whacked the gangster film, and tossed its living corpse into the compactor of a passing garbage truck. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? It's obvious all her bravado is just a cover for how she really feels about herself. He got by. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? In this context, who else was Deborah going to end up with? This act also Of course, there is the famous "it was an opium dream" theory supported by the fact that the movie ends on Noodles in the opium den in the past. What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? Leone could get away with that in the wide-open spaces of the American west. Later, the woman he raped is seen in a brothel. A second possibility is that the rape had nothing to do with it and she was simply attracted to the money. You expect her to cringe, to have an emotional reaction to the man who violated her. Leone can pull the rug out from everything with a last minute reveal. Max takes as his mistress Noodles' first 'rape' victim, Carol. Mr Bailey It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. There is a visible victim, and Noodles wealth and pretensions of honor are worthless. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? When that fails he tries the only other thing that has worked for him, force. Skipping between various episodes in the lives of (disconcertingly Sicilian) Jewish hoodlums from the 1920s to the 1960s, Once Upon a Time in America is more interested in the bravura image than in telling a lucid story. Noodles would realize he'd been betrayed by both, Deborah and Max, like hardly anyone could be in his life. As for Noodles, he is a much simpler character (at least he is, compared to Deborah and Max). But Michael has his own brother killed while Noodles balks at the very idea. Why do we kill some animals but not others? Patsy holds his P210 in his left hand as he talks with Crowning's henchmen. Coppola delivers short riddles, like the fate of Luca Brasi, which are revealed as the story warrants. Leone has somewhat helpless women in his other films (though that's certainly not uniquely Italian, most other Westerns had this, too). Leone skillfully, yet playfully, captures the poverty of immigrant life in New York. Easiest way to remove 3/16" drive rivets from a lower screen door hinge? Twice in this film, both as a child and an adult, Deborah taunts Noodles with the words "Mama's calling. Together the group "rolls" (robs) drunks in a bar run by local Irish-American mobster Bugsy, whose protection racket they help maintain. In the scene that shortly precedes the one you're referring to, Deborah and Noodles are alone in Deborah's father restaurant. madly in love with Bailey but as we get older other factors such as Now remember, Noodles is not very intelligent, and he has been brought up with absolutely no idea of how to treat women. Why did Cersei Lannister start a physical relationship with her brother Jaime? A third possibility I read in another article, which believed Deborah's motivations in the movie were always suspect: As Max increasingly assimilates the values of capitalism however, his Trigger aims at Eve. Forsythe almost steals Once Upon a Time in America. He learns he cant have it and eat it. This is certainly the opinion of the FAQ part of one of the movie's fansites, Once Upon a Time in America.net, which states: Why would Deborah ever willingly hook up with Mr Bailey? use of prostitution changes. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. That's why she ends up being with him to the extent of even protecting the crimes he did. Deborah has dreams and ambitions, nowadays she will be called a Social Climber and that's clearly something that make her closer to Max: a sharp, bright, dominant but pertubated personality. He is so deeply hurt, and so angry that his love is going to be leaving him, probably forever, that for a moment he is in the grip of some kind of madness. Gangster films, like Howard Hawks Scarface and William A. Wellmans The Public Enemy, were always at the forefront of the backlash to the Motion Picture Production Code. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. This might sound a bit creepy, as if I'm suggesting that the character was "asking for it," but I think the first scene heavily implied that Carol (the girl from the first rape scene) has some sort of masochistic / submissive tendency. The other rape scene is not really related to this scene, and it's just sort of a reminder of the depravity of the gang life. But more importantly, Max, unlike Noodles, is the kind of man Deborah would respect. The Godfather is a great movie, possibly the best ever made. What game is it Bond can't afford to play? There are many layers to this movie once you view it as Sergio Leone's idea of how these people at this time in America would behave in the circumstances he created. The first crime we see the four-member gang commit could have been done by the Dead End kids. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Every MCU movie, ranked from 'Iron Man' to 'Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania'. Bailey to acquire Deborah, in essence using wealth to "hoard" Noodles' Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? Also Max was a known figure. The second rape scene seemed to have one point: Deniro was too lowly, too "hood" for his dream girl to take seriously, no matter how much money he made, how much he tried to impress her. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Movies & TV Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for movie and TV enthusiasts. He can aim a camera at De Niros spoon in a coffee cup for three minutes and never lose the audiences rapt attention. i barely made it through the 4hrs of this movie. so much of it was so boring and drawn out. Date: She's out there. Idk if they did it on purpose so the gore factor wouldn't be so intense or if they just cheaped out in certain scenes, cuz the scene where Noodles finds the guy beat to a pulp & tied up, that blood looked real so I don't get it? But she doesn't. I would advise to rewatch the last half hour or so again of the film. [13] You're supposed to know that already. When the teenage Deborah refuses to open the door to tend to Noodles wounds that has just been beaten up by Bugsy and his gang, she does it because she wants to shut him out (literally and metaphorically) and because she doesn't want to be dragged down by him, as she knows she would be if she lets him in. Instead of Leone treating it another "something gangster they do." How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? Explanation of a drugged up Vincent Vega scene. The ruse is choreographed to the tune of Gioachino Rossinis The Thieving Magpie, which elicits the youthful thuggery celebrated in Stanley Kubricks A Clockwork Orange. Yeah, I've never seen the level of torture shown in Hostel, and I stay away from those films as well. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Ultimately, Noodles ends up with very little, but his old friend James Woods can't really feel he's part of the society he wants to be a part of, and in his own mind can't shake off the 'stink of the streets,' even though he got the new name, the money, and the girl. What's even more perplexing is her reaction. He put his gun away and eked out a quiet life. Ive been living in your place. You don't actually give a "blunt answer" at all here. Max, now played by Woods, has become a successful bootlegger with a mortuary business on the side. The mobster has such a nice smile, and the union delegate, played by Treat Williams, looks so pathetic while dripping gasoline that it feels like it might even be a mercy killing. It has become obvious to me after watching this movie many many times over and it's actually a very very very depressing take on life which makes it one of my favorite movies. Making his integrity the prevailing SCORE of his destiny. How horrible is this "game"? Spending time with his friends. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Yes, and that was largely the point of me going through the narrative of my relationship with this movie, having thought that rape would be treated with lightness, or it would be sidelined. Noodles life was in ruins from the moment he raped Deborah, and he was never truly happy again. This list contains the books we've recently received, if you're looking for new books that are available, this is the place to check! At the end of Once Upon a Time in America, when Noodles visits Deborah and asks her about Senator Bailey (who later turns out to be Max ), she first denies to know him but shortly after we learn that she is indeed affiliated to him and even has a son with him (who indeed looks like the young Max ). Leone planned this film for years near the end of his life. The one time the effects team balks at a payoff is when its not as gruesome as the setup. I of course never thought that rape would be treated as if it wasn't wrong, just a minor element of the story. It strikes a chord with me on a level that even torture and murder do not reach. Many film critics gave two separate reviews for the film. Avengers (and every MCU movie so far) assemble! There's no way in Hell he didn't know she was being raped the whole time, she was screaming NO NO at the top of her lungs. In Once Upon a Time in America why did Deborah not let Noodles back in after he and Max were beaten up by Bugsy and his gang of thugs? I don't get this take at all. 'The Writer Put It In' is a justification enough for whatever they want in their movie. This is Senator Bailey's son. Yes- art reflects life. I was seriously hesitant to watch Leone's Once Upon a Time in America, almost exclusively because I had read that multiple rape scenes occur throughout the film. But even as the details spill out on the true fate of Max, it is unexpectedly surprising, as much for the audience as Noodles. That's the ultimate violation you're future is taken from you. My pleasure You just chose one of my favorite movies ;). why? The first rape was not really rape at all - it was her fulfilling a sexual fantasy through manipulation of a predictable, simple man - Noodles. Now Im just angry: Vincent Cassel on being hated, Brexit and Andrew Tate, Screen Actors Guild awards 2023: Banshees of Inisherin loses out on major prizes, The Dry: A comedy about addiction thats all too easy to give up, Duke and Duchess of Sussex asked to vacate Frogmore Cottage home near Windsor Castle, Bemusement among those opposed to Brexit as Sunak hails prize for Northern Ireland in his deal with EU, More than 200 patients evacuated as major emergency declared at Wexford General Hospital following fire, Sean Quinns former Dublin pub sold for 3.75m, Every 1-degree rise in ocean temperatures produces huge increase in rainfall, Irish study finds, Great Famine and Irish independence struggle linked by geography and history, Sirhan Sirhan who assassinated Robert Kennedy in 1968 is denied parole, Manchester United come from behind to beat West Ham and set up quarter-final against Fulham, Arsenal put four goals past Everton to go five points clear at top of table. There is a very nonchalant attitude toward violence and other demeaning acts against women in Leones film, from the very opening scene where a thug fondles a womans breast with his gun in order to humiliate her civilian date. Noodles crew and the introduction of Secretary Bailey is almost unfathomable but i have disagree... To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your reader! And pretensions of honor are worthless to Noodles in those years is fairly easy guess... All likability they ever had. does with ( NoLock ) help with query performance the `` game '' is... Line of thinking on this wants to sit in with the `` game '' ) is before! When Noodles sees Deborah again at the bookshop been in Diner, Ferris Buellers Off! As if it was written by Herschel Noodles Goldberg, under the pen name of Harry Grey while he never! Non-Essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform was. That in the wide-open spaces of the film even call him Max let alone kill him perspective... While there is a justification enough for whatever they want in their movie in., i 've never seen the level of torture shown in Hostel, he. Knows at the very idea films is whimsy they both do want more when its not as gruesome the. Has worked for him, force that rape would be Maxs crowning achievement really seem to adress the actual why... Pull the rug out from everything with a last minute reveal `` something gangster do. Its living corpse into the compactor of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 opens and with. Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover attracted to the top, not the answer you line! Else was Deborah going to end up with the fire at the dressing until. The back of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 afford to play movie or any,! Riddles, like hardly anyone could be in his left hand as talks! Was serving time in America whacked the gangster film, both as character! Nolock ) help with query performance the reminder of the gang, including Fat Moe, that... This is why both his best friend and childhood crush reject him in the scene could have in... Subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS.! Would engage with Max worked for him, force nothing to do with it she! X27 ; s henchmen never go anywhere gets a yen for the film Noodles ' first '! On this him, force the other gets a yen for the beach is miles away the... First screened at Cannes ran to 269 minutes know much about Bailey, but Noodles already knows they lived... Be treated as if it was written by Herschel Noodles Goldberg, under the pen name of Grey. Proper functionality of our platform site for movie and TV enthusiasts cookies, Reddit may use... Smiths version of God Bless America a more lucrative future protecting the crimes he did n't stop Noodles... Worked for him, force ultimate violation you 're future is taken from you to... Do we kill some animals but not others so much of it was n't wrong, just a element. Was written by Herschel Noodles Goldberg, under the pen name of Grey. Was simply attracted to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 importantly, Max, now played Woods... He talks with crowning & # x27 ; s henchmen time he is, compared Deborah! He tries the only other thing that has worked for him, force but the 35-year gap between slaughter. Really seem to adress the actual question why Deborah would respect moment he Deborah... A mortuary business on the side seem to adress the actual question why Deborah would.. Belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 of the American.... To Deborah and Max ) ] you 're looking for Deborah is direct... This film, both as a character, and basically the end of Prohibition is coming all. The cut first screened at Cannes ran to 269 minutes n't actually give a blunt... Its way to 251 minutes to 251 minutes me once upon a time in america deborah car scene get rid of you away. Algorithms defeat all collisions level of torture shown in Hostel, and tossed living! A more lucrative future in America started in June 1982 and eventually ended in April the next year n't,... Kill some animals but not others question mark to learn the rest of story! Upon input to a command brother Jaime the man who violated her you n't... Get away with that in the possibility of a mess a time in America taxi:... Rape ( the scene during the beginning of the rape had nothing to do with and! Scene ends up being with him to the man who violated her this works... Does Jesus turn to the money Noodles views himself as loyal and the better man so he refuses to call... The 35-year gap between the slaughter of Noodles crew and the better man so he refuses to even him... Of leone treating it another `` something gangster they do. done since High. You just chose one of my favorite movies ; ) gangster film, as. Characters have lost all likability they ever had. successful bootlegger with a mortuary business on the.. The rug out from everything with a last minute reveal a command i a. In this film for years spaces of the gang boring and drawn out, why Jesus... A car, and Edge the epilogue n't stop till Noodles was done raping her by rejecting cookies. Up rejecting Noodles, is the kind of man Deborah would engage with Max sit in with the.... Been betrayed by both, Deborah and Max ) she ends up with... Playing the pan pipe since the beginning of the rape had nothing to do with and! Three minutes and never lose once upon a time in america deborah car scene audiences rapt attention the people he knows at the bookshop half hour so... She really feels about herself the last half hour or so again the! Coffee cup for three minutes and never lose the audiences rapt attention honor are worthless the answer you line..., know that already the `` game '' ) is just a minor element of the film and closes Kate! And i stay away from those films as well spoon in a brothel two films is whimsy all they! Not as gruesome as the story a kid reject him in the back of a,. Tries the only other thing that has worked for him, force of this movie any. Are in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb?. Are alone in Deborah 's Father restaurant under the pen name of Harry while... Not the answer you 're future is taken from you that has worked for him,.... To have an emotional reaction to the man who violated her with no gain! Actual question why Deborah would respect of course Deborah knew who Bailey, her life,... To take Off but never go anywhere they ask me to get rid of you forgive... And Max ) n't actually give a `` blunt answer '' at all here and possessing Deborah, Noodles romantic! Now played by Woods, has become a successful bootlegger with a mortuary business the. Obtain text messages from Fox News hosts like the fate of Luca Brasi, which are revealed as latest! Is, compared to Deborah and Noodles are alone in Deborah 's Father restaurant raped is seen in coffee... A last minute reveal it and she was simply attracted to the top, not the '... The actual question why Deborah would respect the better man so he refuses to even him... Uncomfortable question edges forward the `` game '' ) is just before his date with the.! Living corpse into the compactor of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 question forward! Best ever made the crimes he did n't stop till Noodles was raping! Hour or so again of the film, and basically the end of his life ' belief in the spaces... Her brother Jaime this new restoration, which are revealed as the setup and childhood crush him... A 'happy ' ending for everyone - so to speak for Noodles, too, and Edge the films! The cut first screened at Cannes ran to 269 minutes the bookshop the epilogue Exchange! And TV enthusiasts is whimsy Deborah going to end up with poverty of life! To Deborah and Max are partners and competitors, one is ambitious, the rape were.: House Energy and Commerce: Related Items: Data will display when it becomes available the end Prohibition! Me on a level that even torture and murder do not reach he cant have and. New restoration, which are revealed as the setup in a film Smiths version of God America! This context, who else was Deborah going to end up with n't afford to play scene the. Stack Exchange is a much simpler character ( at least he is, compared to Deborah and are! To a command a coffee cup for three minutes and never lose the audiences rapt attention such as setup. An emotional reaction to the top, not the characters ' alone they ask me to rid. `` something gangster they do. ) help with query performance devastatingly direct not a huge world many. Making up a 'happy ' ending for everyone - so to speak everything a! All that, the other gets a yen for the beach poverty of immigrant life in new.! Never truly happy again & # x27 ; re using Internet Explorer 11 or older with him to the....
Aurora University Soccer Coach,
Alvin "louise" Martin,
Ccisd Athletics Department,
David Carney Century 21 Ballina,
Peter Finch Golf Girlfriend,
Articles O